My understanding of Kolmogorov scales doesn't really go beyond this poem:
Big whirls have little whirls that feed on their velocity, and little whirls have lesser whirls and so on to viscosity.
Th smallest scale according to wikipedia* would be $\eta = (\frac{\nu^3}{\epsilon})^\frac{1}{4}$
But can I assume the same shear across all scales, and hence (for a shear thinning liquid) the same apparent viscosity? Are there practical observations about this?