# Depolarizing threshold for CSS codes

Many years ago, when CSS codes were first invented, the error threshold of p=0.11 was found when bit and phase flips are independent. Has a threshold yet been found for the case of depolarizing noise?

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Are you asking about the threshold for minimum distance or for channel capacity? The distinction is whether you want to fix all errors in $p n$ or fewer qubits, or just random errors on $pn$ or fewer qubits. From the way you worded your question, I am assuming you want to fix a random error on $pn$ qubits.

If you choose a random CSS code, and correct it by finding the smallest number of errors total which agree with the syndrome, I believe that asymptotically it should work up to the point where $$H_2(p) + p\, \log_2 3 = 1,$$ where $H_2(p)$ is the binary entropy function. This gives an error rate of $p=0.189\,$. This is the same rate you get for a random stabilizer code.

The way to see this is to count the number of likely errors with error rate $pn$, and then take the log of this to figure out how many bits need to be in the syndrome to correct them. Unless there is some dependence among the syndrome bits when you restrict to likely errors, this gives the result above. And with random CSS codes, you can show that there is no such dependence.

This might seem to be incompatible with the $p=0.11$ result for independent errors, but it's not. In the case where the bit errors and the phase errors are independent, stabilizer codes can work for a rate of $p= 0.11$ bit errors and $p=0.11$ phase errors, which works out to a rate of $p=0.208$ total errors.

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I don't think the maximum threshold over all codes is known, but thresholds above 15% have been shown for specific codes. See, for example, arXiv:0905.0531 (p=0.155), Phys Rev Lett 104 050504 (p=0.164), arXiv:1006.1362 (p=0.152) and arXiv:quant-ph/0606126 (p=0.188).

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@AshleyStephens: Great edit! Perhaps it should have been an answer it it's own right. –  Joe Fitzsimons Dec 20 '11 at 11:33