# Linear polarizer and the angle of incidence

It is known that when a beam of lineary polarized light falls perpendicularly on a linear polarizer, the intensity of polarization changes according to Malus' law and the direction of polarization changes as cosine of angle between polarization vector and polarizer vector.

My question is: is anyone familiar with mathematical treatment of how the direction and intensity of polarization changes when the angle of incidence changes?

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1st You should define the kind of polarizer/analyzer! I know of three types, maybe there are more. –  Georg Jul 2 '11 at 11:06
Yes, sorry, as Piotr has assumed I mainly meant a typical polaroid sheet –  malina Jul 2 '11 at 16:11

If you want to consider a simple case of very thin polarizer, with the 100% absorption of one polarization, and 0% of the another - it simplifies. Just you need to say if polarization in the direction $z$ (i.e. the perpendicular to the polarizer) is absorbed or not. Of course for other efficiencies it is still relatively simple, as long as you study the case of the very thin polarizer.