# How stupid is this theory of gravity? [closed]

As will be evident, I am not a physicist. I've always been interested in physics but my education tapered out with general relativity and basic quantum mechanics, years ago. Several years ago a sort of thought experiment began to nag at me and I've wanted for those more knowledgeable to basically explain to me why this idea must be wrong -- not simply that it is very silly or (obviously) at odds with existing models, but provably wrong. (It is those things.)

The thought experiment:

Imagine a piece of graph paper, with 2 circles of radius 1, centers 10 units apart. Now imagine that the circles are growing at a steady rate of 1 unit/sec. The edges of the circles approach each other and touch after 4 seconds.

Now imagine the same sequence, but the graph paper is also growing at a steady rate, matching that of the circles. The circles are not "tethered" to the expanding graph paper; their centers remain the same distance, hence fewer graph paper units as the paper expands.

Finally, imagine that you, the observer are growing at the same rate as the graph paper and the circles, so that the graph paper appears fixed. What you would perceive would be 2 circles of fixed size accelerating towards each other.

This hypothetical scene is not describing physics, it's just a geometrical construct. It shows that what appears to be constant motion can be seen as acceleration (or vice versa) based on the perceived intertial frame of reference (the graph paper).

We perceive gravity as a force that causes the distance between masses to decrease over time, accelerating just as the two circles described. This assumes the existence of a stable "graph paper" in space, where distance exists independent of the objects. What if we remove that assumption? What if distance in space cannot be separated from distance in time?

Imagine that what appear to be subatomic particles are in fact standing waveforms, emergent from constantly expanding waves. Wave interference gives rise to particles at certain scales with consistent properties, just as fractals give rise to recurring forms at specific scales. These "standing" wave forms are themselves expanding. But, expanding relative to what? Depends on the scale of space/time. At certain scales, wave interactions maintain fixed distances between "particles", e.g. electron valences, atomic distributions. This holds true for the scales of matter we directly experience, where Newtonian laws apply. Everything we perceive to be fixed in size is actually expanding at essentially constant rate, including every atom in our bodies, every electron, every photon. Every unit of measurement we think of as constant is in fact constantly expanding.

Now imagine that this expansive property is not uniform (if it were uniform it would be meaningless), but diminishes with the distance in space/time of the source of the waves. As masses get further apart, their expansion becomes less uniform, causing them to expand towards each other. As the wave sources move further apart, the resulting standing waves (particles) are not expanding in uniform directions (they don't share the same "graph paper"), and so appear to accelerate towards each other.

These gravitational waves are not, therefore, caused by the presence of mass, but rather, are the substrate from which mass originates. The interference of waves at different scales not only causes particles with varying sizes and speeds, but causes complex motions like orbital ellipses, and non-uniform expansion with different arrangements of particles, as with the swelling of the oceans that causes the tides.

Besides being silly, the radical idea here is that everything we assume about the shape of space, and the concept of distance, is distorted by the fact that the stuff we are made of is constantly expanding. Gravity as a force doesn't exist, it's an illusion arising from this distortion of perception.

Please tell me this idea is ludicrous. How would one disprove it, other than citing centuries of accepted models of physical reality? Which parts of established physics is it incompatible with? As silly as it sounds, it has nagged at me for years because it does describe what we perceive as gravity, and explains things like how gravity's effect can be "instantaneous" at a distance (it isn't; it's just an illusion; there is no graph paper). It doesn't seem incompatible with Einstein's observation that mass bends space/time, but rather a different conception of how mass and space/time are related to each other. For a long time, I thought orbital motion was unexplainable with this model, until I realized that just as the fixed scale of imaginary graph paper can be seen to be an illusion, so can the fixed directionality of "constant motion". Motion cannot follow a fixed path relative to non-existent graph paper, it can only be relative to other objects, and wave interaction could conceivably result in orbital motion.

I'm confident this question will either receive a great deal of flak or be closed as inappropriate or such. I am prepared for the flak but hope people will debunk it in earnest.

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## closed as off-topic by BMS, John Rennie, Valter Moretti, Brandon Enright, Kyle KanosApr 1 '14 at 12:26

This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:

• "We deal with mainstream physics here. Questions about the general correctness of unpublished personal theories are off topic, although specific questions evaluating new theories in the context of established science are usually allowed. For more information, see Is non mainstream physics appropriate for this site?." – BMS, John Rennie, Valter Moretti, Brandon Enright, Kyle Kanos
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Note: this is not in honor of April 1st. It's a serious question about a silly idea. –  Jason Boyd Apr 1 '14 at 5:51
It's always 4 seconds. But if you are expanding with the graph paper, you perceive acceleration of fixed size circles instead of constant-rate growth. –  Jason Boyd Apr 1 '14 at 6:32
"What you would perceive would be 2 circles of fixed size accelerating towards each other." - I think this is where you went wrong. They're not accelerating towards each other, they're just moving towards each other. You make the opposite mistake when you say "We perceive gravity as a force that causes the distance between masses to decrease over time". No we don't - we perceive it as a force that causes masses to accelerate towards each other over time, but they might initially be moving away from one another. –  Nathaniel Apr 1 '14 at 8:26
Say, if it so happens that the expansion of paper and 2 circles are same, wouldn't the observer see no net movement of circles (towards each other)? This would mean 2 bodies in space will stand still, unattractive of each other and we can't call it gravity! –  Renae Lider Apr 1 '14 at 9:22
Yes, that can happen. It can also not happen, in which case the bodies continue moving apart forever, or orbit one another. I guess I don't really see your point... –  Nathaniel Apr 1 '14 at 13:54

A physical theory is just a mathematical model that predicts the evolution of the physical system it is describing. The more successful theories tend to be motivated by experiment, but this doesn't have to be the case e.g. string theory. Any theory can be proposed, but at the end of the day the test is whether the theory makes predictions that match experiment. The successful theories do match experiment, while the remainder fall by the wayside.

The problem with your idea is that it isn't well enough developed to make any predictions that could be compared with experiment. However one thing that strikes me is that it isn't obvious how your theory reduces to special relativity in the low mass limit.

Any theory of gravity has to reproduce special relativity because special relativity has been so thoroughly experimentally tested. In general relativity, agreement with special relativity simply means the low mass limit has to be the Minkowski metric and it's normally obvious that this is the case. It's not at all clear to me how your suggestion would do this.

More specifically, GR is a theory of curved spacetime not just curved space, and in particular the manifold it describes has a signature of (-+++) and it's the negative sign for time that gives us all the weird stuff like time dilation and length contraction. I see nothing in your suggestion that is related to this.

However the idea you describe isn't without connections to GR. If you take for example a stationary black hole and use Gullstrand-Painlevé coordinates the metric can be written in the form:

$$ds^2 = -dt_{ff}^2 + \left(dr + \beta dt_{ff}^2 \right)^2 + d\Omega^2$$

where the parameter $\beta$ has the dimensions of velocity. The interpretation of these coordinates is that the radial coordinate is flowing inwards towards the singularity at a velocity $\beta$, and the observer is carried along much as you would be carried along in a river. Hence this is commonly referred to as the river model of black holes.

This bears some similarity to your idea that observers would be carried along in an expanding space(time?) but the resemblance is only superficial. For example why would the observer be carried along with the spacetime when the circles (the colliding stars?) are not. We know that all mass gravitates, but you seem to suggest that only high masses gravitate i.e. don't move with space. Presumably you would have some equation to relate an objects tendancy to move with the space as a function of mass, but you don't give any idea of what this might be or what its physical motivation is.

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Well, I'm not a physicist. Meaning, I don't know the equations I'm implying. But I am suggesting that "with space" is a flawed statement, that in fact there is no thing called "space" that can be measured independent of masses. I'm not suggesting only high mass bodies gravitate, but that smaller-order neighboring masses are picking up uniform expansion (uniform in a directional sense), whereas non-neighboring masses expand directionally such that they accelerate towards each other, relative to the apparent space between them. –  Jason Boyd Apr 1 '14 at 12:07
Actually, I'm not saying neighboring masses expand uniformly, but that their expansion is cumulative such that all the particles in a solid object expanding together result in a solid object that is expanding. Only when this expansion is decoupled do objects appear to accelerate towards each other. –  Jason Boyd Apr 1 '14 at 12:10
I take your answer to mean "not 100% stupid, but somewhat stupid" :) I am not qualified to pronounce the question answered. –  Jason Boyd Apr 1 '14 at 12:14
@JasonBoyd I think the point is your idea might have some merit, but it is not fully developed enough to be testable and at first glance is missing some key aspects (special relativity, and for example the circles should not stay fixed in space but move as an observer would see center of masses do). Also I think you need to try to predict what the rate of expansion would have to be in order to match the observed force of gravity and see if that matches our observations of expansion rates. –  user6972 Apr 1 '14 at 17:15
I don't know how to develop it. I just don't know enough physics to imagine how to make it testable. –  Jason Boyd Apr 1 '14 at 20:14